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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(6): 606-625, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1046468

ABSTRACT

En 1978, la Organización Mundial de la Salud definió la atención primaria de la salud como pilar fundamental de la salud global. En los últimos años, a las causas habituales de mortalidad (infecciosas, carenciales) se sumaron las provocadas por enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. Es posible brindar atención de alta complejidad a pacientes sin recursos adecuados para su supervivencia luego del egreso. El sistema de salud no supo adaptarse a este cambio y mantuvo un modelo fragmentado, reactivo y centrado en la enfermedad.La "atención primaria selectiva" permite reorientar las bases de la atención primaria según las características de la población. Un grupo de acciones específicas, dirigidas a una población con vulnerabilidades particulares, potencia las virtudes de la atención primaria de la salud. Se describe el modelo de atención "Cuidados Especiales Ambulatorios Pediátricos" implementado en el Centro de Salud y Acción Comunitaria N.º 5 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires


In 1978, the World Health Organization defined primary health care as the cornerstone of global health. In recent years, the usual causes of mortality (infections, deficiency diseases) now include chronic and degenerative diseases. It is now possible to provide tertiary care to patients without adequate resources for their survival after discharge. The health system has not been able to adapt to such change and has maintained a fragmented, reactive, disease-centered model."Selective primary care" is useful to redirect primary care bases according to the characteristics of the population. A set of specific measures, targeted at a population with specific vulnerabilities, leverages the power of primary health care. Here we describe the "Outpatient Pediatric Special Care" model of care implemented at the Center for Health and Community Action no. 5, in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Pediatrics , Poverty , Primary Health Care , Child Care , Chronic Disease , Health Policy
2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(4): 260-262, jul.-ago. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974052
3.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 6(23): 21-27, jun. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869533

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) de Río Negro es menor a la media nacional. En la 4a Zona Sanitaria se registró un aumento en los últimos tres años, con especial impactoen la mortalidad neonatal con causas reducibles. OBJETIVOS: Mediante análisis causa raíz (ACR), estudiar casos seleccionados y proponer estrategias para disminuir las muertes infantiles en la zona. Analizar la mortalidad infantil (MI) en la Zona Sanitaria entre 2011 y 2013. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis de casos seleccionados con un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se utilizó el ACR para el estudio cualitativo de 14 casos entre octubre de 2012 y febrero de 2014. Se clasificaron los factores asociados a las muertes según las siguientes áreas: recursos humanos, institucional, factores externos y ambiente hospitalario, equipamiento e insumos. Se resumió en un diagramade Pareto, y se usó un gráfico causa raíz por caso. Se analizó la MI y sus componentes de acuerdo con variables epidemiológicas en 2011, 2012 y 2013. RESULTADOS: El 80% de los aspectos relacionados con la mortalidad correspondieron a recursos humanos y factores institucionales. Los fallecidos tuvieron edad gestacional, peso al nacery Apgar a los 5 minutos más bajos que la población de recién nacidos del período. No hubo diferencias significativas en la edad y educaciónmaterna. CONCLUSIONES: Una gran proporción de la MI regional es reducible. Las estrategias surgidas del análisis apuntan a mejorar la capacitación y cambiar la cultura organizacional. El ACR permite identificar los errores en los procesos de atención y generar propuestas.


INTRODUCTION: the child mortality rate in Río Negro province is lower than national average. In the 4th Health Area, there was an increase in the last three years, with high impact on neonatal mortality and reducible causes. OBJECTIVES: Through root cause analysis (RCA), to study selected cases and to propose strategies to decrease child mortality in the region. To analyze child mortality in the 4th Health Area from 2011 to 2013. METHODS: An analysis of selected cases was performed, with a descriptivecross-sectional study. The RCA was used for a qualitative study of 14 cases from October 2012 to February 2014. Death-related factors were classified in groups: human resources, institutional factors, external factors, hospital environment, and equipment and supplies. Results were displayed in a Pareto diagram, using a root cause graph in each case. The study analyzed child mortality and its components according to epidemiological variables in 2011, 2012 and 2013. RESULTS: Among death-related aspects, 80% were part of human resources and institutional factors. Gestational age, birth weight and Apgar at 5 minutes were lower in dead children than in general newborn population. There wasno significant difference regarding maternal age and education. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of child mortality is reducible. The analysis-based strategies aim at improving training and changing organizational culture. RCA allows to detect health care process problems and to generate proposals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant Mortality , Root Cause Analysis
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 113(2): 146-53, abr. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1159668

ABSTRACT

The health care has evolved over the centuries from a theocentric model to a model centered on man, environment and society. The process of neoliberal globalization has changed the relationship between the components of the health system and population. The active participation of organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank by the techno-medical industrial complex tends to make the health care in a model focused on economy. This, impacts negatively on all components in the process of health care and have an adverse effect on the humanized care. The analysis of each sector in particular and their interactions shows the effects of this change. Alternatives are proposed for each sector to contribute to a model of care focused on the patient, their family and the social environment.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Marketing of Health Services , Patient-Centered Care , Marketing of Health Services/organization & administration , Patient-Centered Care/organization & administration
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(5): 411-415, oct. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657480

ABSTRACT

En la Argentina, la falta de neonatólogos es un problema que va en aumento. La ausencia de un sistema de salud coordinado y organizado por un lado y la falta de adaptación del rol del neonatólogo a la realidad actual de la atención materno-infantil impiden una adecuada cobertura asistencial. Las inadecuadas condiciones de trabajo, los riesgos profesionales, el prolongado tiempo de formación y la falta de reconocimiento de las necesidades y dificultades de los profesionales repercuten negativamente al tiempo de incorporar nuevos especialistas. Resulta imprescindible un abordaje global del problema para obtener respuestas que perduren en el tiempo.


In Argentina, the difficulty in covering neonatologist's positions represent an increasing problem. The absence of a coordinated and organized health system on one hand, and the lack of adaptation of the neonatologist´s role to the current situation of the maternal and child care on the other, prevent the correct assistential coverage. The inadequate work conditions, the professional risks, the wide amount of time devoted to formation and studying, and the lack of knowledge of the professionals necessities and difficulties have a negative impact when it comes to incorporate new specialists. A global approach of the problem is essential to reach enduring answers.


Subject(s)
Neonatology , Argentina , Career Choice
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